This is the only country in South America where Portuguese is the dominant language.

This landlocked nation has La Paz as its capital, is home to the Salar de Uyuni salt flats, and has a population of about 12 million.

This country is known as the world's longest nation, stretching 4,000 miles of Pacific coastline from top to bottom.

While Argentina has long claimed these islands off its coast, they remain a territory of the United Kingdom.

Brazil moved its capital from Rio de Janeiro to this planned city in 1960, which was designed in the shape of an airplane.

This is the world's longest continental mountain range, stretching 5,530 miles along the west coast of South America.

This river is the largest in the world by volume and flows through the Brazilian rainforest.

This desert stretches 600 miles along the Pacific coast of South America and is one of the driest places on Earth.

Located high in the Andes between Bolivia and Peru, this has the distinction of being the world's highest navigable lake.

Venezuela is home to this, the world's tallest waterfall, dropping over 3,000 feet.

This is the primary cause of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest.

These fertile grasslands cover more than 460,000 square miles of Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil.

These South American nations have the largest percentage of forest cover of any countries in the world.

Chile has been experiencing what type of crisis since 2010, caused by a combination of climate change, agricultural practices, and water privatization policies from the Pinochet era?

Despite losing over 185 million acres in the past 50 years, the Amazon rainforest still absorbs about 25% of this harmful gas.

This ancient Inca citadel, hidden high in the Tropical Andes of Peru, draws millions of visitors each year.

The Andes Mountains are divided into these three regions based on climate.

The Dry Andes are centered around this desert and are known for their arid, desolate landscapes and sparse vegetation.

The Wet Andes are famous for these massive bodies of slowly moving ice, including the Perito Moreno in Argentina.

The Dry Andes are home to this mountain, the highest outside of Asia at over 22,000 feet.

The Galápagos Islands are a province of this South American country.

This scientist visited the Galápagos in the 1830s and used his observations to develop the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Darwin's observations of these birds (which had developed different beak shapes on different islands) were key to developing his theory of evolution.

This slow-moving reptile, the largest species in the Galápagos, can live over 100 years and was famously observed by Darwin.

This conservation area, established in 1959, was created to protect the unique species of the Galápagos Islands.

This civilization built Machu Picchu and thrived in the Andes and along the west coast of South America before European conquest.

Known as "The Liberator," this leader led independence movements across much of South America in the early 1800s.

This is the flat-topped plateau landform, like Mount Roraima at the junction of Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela, known by this geological term.

This Chilean dictator's water privatization policies in the early 1980s contributed to the country's modern megadrought crisis.

This covert intelligence-sharing network connected authoritarian governments across South America during the Cold War era to suppress political opposition through surveillance, abductions, and assassinations.