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What major event coincided with the Age of Exploration?
The Renaissance
What did Europeans hope to avoid by exploring new trade routes?
The middleman
What did explorers aim to find to increase their wealth?
A new trade route to China and India
Which disease was one risk explorers faced at sea?
Scurvy
What was a significant political reason for exploration?
To create colonies and prevent other countries from trading
Who created a school of navigation in Portugal?
Prince Henry
Which explorer was the first to sail around the tip of Africa?
Bartholomew Dias
Who was the first European to reach India by sea?
Vasco de Gama
What was Christopher Columbus searching for?
A westward route to Asia
Who circumnavigated the globe but died en route?
Ferdinand Magellan
What were sailors often afraid of during ocean voyages?
Sea monsters
What did ships often have due to overcrowding?
Rats
What was dead reckoning used for?
Estimating speed and location at sea
What disease caused by lack of Vitamin C affected sailors?
Scurvy
What did sailors count on when technology failed?
Their navigation skills and instincts
What were the three main groups of natives in Central and South America?
Maya, Aztec, Inca
Where did the Maya civilization primarily inhabit?
Yucatan Peninsula and Central America
What city did the Aztec build in Lake Texcoco?
Tenochtitlan
What was the capital of the Inca Empire?
Cuzco
What did both the Aztecs and Incas have that was crucial to their civilization?
Strong central governments and roads for communication
What was a negative effect of the European exploration on native populations?
Spread of diseases
What was one way Europeans benefited from exploration?
They became wealthy from resources
What cultural impact did Europeans have on Native Americans?
Replacement of native cultures
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Exchange of goods between the Old World and New World
What goods did Europeans bring to the New World?
Pigs, horses, and diseases
What major conflict was fueled by England's support for the Netherlands?
The Spanish Armada conflict
Who conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernando Cortes
What did Pizarro do to the Inca leader Atahualpa?
He captured and killed him
Why did Queen Elizabeth support privateers against Spain?
To weaken Spain's power and support the Dutch
How did the Spanish perceive Columbus upon his arrival?
They believed he was a hero despite his mistakes
